Symptomatology of Long COVID Associated with Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilic Conditions: A Systematic Review.

Thrombophilic conditions, conditions where blood has a tendency to form thrombi due to abnormal coagulatory processes, can affect the trajectory of diseases such as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, better known as Long COVID (LC), by worsening symptoms and complicating outlooks. As a comorbidity in pro-coagulatory diseases such as COVID-19 and LC, patients with thrombophilic conditions may experience worse symptoms than their peers, due to this elevated level of hypercoagulation. A 15-week literature review through the public PubMed database was conducted to investigate the severity, mechanisms, and symptom profiles of thrombophilic patients with LC. Papers were only included if samples included participants with pre-existing tendencies for hypercoagulable states, and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection via a Polymerase Chain Reaction test. Each paper included in this review was analyzed by topic and assessed for eligibility against the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal tool. Each paper was also assessed for biases. Results from the 6 papers included in this review showed that LC could be predicted following COVID-19 illness by a hypercoagulable blood profile, indicating that LC may be linked to chronic hypercoagulation and inflammation post-infection. Additionally, symptoms linked to microthrombi formation, such as hair loss, arrhythmia, and dizziness, were exhibited more frequently in patients with thrombophilia and/or thrombophilic conditions, indicating that those with thrombophilic conditions may exhibit unique LC symptom profiles compared to healthy controls. This paper's research is preliminary and thus is limited in the strength of its findings; However, further research into LC and its interactions with co-morbidities like thrombophilic conditions would aid in the development of better treatment plans for patients, such as the usage of anticoagulants or screening for hypercoagulable blood profiles post-COVID-19 to assess patient risk.