Role of New Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes: A Mini Review.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) has become a major public health problem in recent years and one of the most debated topics in women's health. GDM is associated with serious health consequences for both the mother and the child in the short and long term. The prevalence of GDM varies between 0.6% and 20% (depending on the detection method, gestational age, and the population studied). Genetic, nutritional, epigenetic, immunological, and hormonal components have been identified in its pathophysiology. Today, the importance of identifying a biomarker to detect GDM from the beginning of pregnancy in women at high risk of developing GDM is frequently emphasized. In recent years, adipokines and cytokines have been reported to play important roles in the metabolic changes underlying GDM. The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential and importance of the recently identified chemerin, omentin-1, resistin, visfatin, and asprosin peptides with different mechanisms of action in the pathogenesis of GDM.