International journal of radiation biology · 2026
Functional evaluation of finger millet mutants developed through gamma irradiation focusing on blast resistance, antioxidant traits and gene expression analysis.
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Sahni Sangita, Kumar Nirmul, Prasad Bishun Deo, Mane Rushikesh Sanjay, Quaiyum Zeba, Kumari Shambhavi
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop blast disease resistant finger millet (Eleusine coracana) mutants through gamma irradiation, focusing on agro-morphological traits, antioxidant enzyme activity, SSR marker-based genetic analysis, and gene expression profiling. This work addresses the challenge of blast disease and its impact on finger millet production and productivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In present study, gamma ray induced mutagenesis using a cobalt-60 source (Co60: BARC, Mumbai) was employed to the seeds of finger millet var. Rajendra Madua-1 at doses of 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 Gy and evaluated across M1-4 generations. Nearly 41,032 M2 plants were screened against blast disease under field conditions. Based on their differential response to blast infection, 125 M2 plants showing a high degree of resistance/tolerance along with enhanced yield attributing traits compared to the unirradiated parent (Rajendra Madua-1) were selected for further evaluation in the M3 and M4 generation. Blast disease resistance was assessed through morphological evaluation of leaf, neck, and finger blast symptoms under field conditions. Antioxidant enzyme activity such as peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were quantified spectrophotometrically. Genetic diversity among mutants along with checks were analyzed using SSR markers. Gene expression of the blast-responsive gene EcNBLRR30 was evaluated via qRT-PCR analysis.
RESULTS: Among the 125 M3 mutant lines evaluated, 7 mutants were classified as highly resistant (HR), 44 as resistant (R), and 24 as moderately resistant (MR), 7 and 10 were susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS), respectively, under field conditions. Three lines (e.g., M3_400Gy_62, M3_450Gy_84, M3_450Gy_101) showed higher resistance across all blast types with superior agronomic traits under field conditions. Antioxidant enzyme assays revealed the highest enzymatic activity in HR lines, followed by R, MR, S, and HS. SSR analysis confirmed genetic polymorphism among mutants. Expression of EcNBLRR30 was significantly upregulated in HR mutants upon Magnaporthe grisea challenge, correlating with enhanced resistance.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the efficacy of gamma irradiation in inducing genetic variability for blast resistance in finger millet. Integration of phenotypic, biochemical, molecular, and gene expression approaches provides valuable strategies for resistance breeding, offering a sustainable solution to manage blast disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In present study, gamma ray induced mutagenesis using a cobalt-60 source (Co60: BARC, Mumbai) was employed to the seeds of finger millet var. Rajendra Madua-1 at doses of 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 Gy and evaluated across M1-4 generations. Nearly 41,032 M2 plants were screened against blast disease under field conditions. Based on their differential response to blast infection, 125 M2 plants showing a high degree of resistance/tolerance along with enhanced yield attributing traits compared to the unirradiated parent (Rajendra Madua-1) were selected for further evaluation in the M3 and M4 generation. Blast disease resistance was assessed through morphological evaluation of leaf, neck, and finger blast symptoms under field conditions. Antioxidant enzyme activity such as peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were quantified spectrophotometrically. Genetic diversity among mutants along with checks were analyzed using SSR markers. Gene expression of the blast-responsive gene EcNBLRR30 was evaluated via qRT-PCR analysis.
RESULTS: Among the 125 M3 mutant lines evaluated, 7 mutants were classified as highly resistant (HR), 44 as resistant (R), and 24 as moderately resistant (MR), 7 and 10 were susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS), respectively, under field conditions. Three lines (e.g., M3_400Gy_62, M3_450Gy_84, M3_450Gy_101) showed higher resistance across all blast types with superior agronomic traits under field conditions. Antioxidant enzyme assays revealed the highest enzymatic activity in HR lines, followed by R, MR, S, and HS. SSR analysis confirmed genetic polymorphism among mutants. Expression of EcNBLRR30 was significantly upregulated in HR mutants upon Magnaporthe grisea challenge, correlating with enhanced resistance.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the efficacy of gamma irradiation in inducing genetic variability for blast resistance in finger millet. Integration of phenotypic, biochemical, molecular, and gene expression approaches provides valuable strategies for resistance breeding, offering a sustainable solution to manage blast disease.