Emerging trends in implication of nanocarriers in repolarization of tumor associated macrophages for improved triple negative breast cancer therapy.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with highly complex tumor immune microenvironment. So far, chemotherapy is the effective treatment for TNBC, which ameliorated the patients' outcomes. However, treatment of advanced stage disease remains challenging. In recent years, marked progress in the area of TNBC immunomodulation has been achieved and put forth as effective approach. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a major role in immunomodulation and possess dual roles as pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic. In this review, a comprehensive discussion on the potential role of reprogramming the TAMs phenotype towards anti-tumorigenic is provided. Further, an account of repurposed drug as a TAM modulator is included to modulate polarized states of TAMs in TNBC to maximize the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Additionally, various nanocarrier based strategies are discussed to improve the treatment outcome of the TAM modulator's response and specific targeting to pro-tumorigenic phenotype of TAMs for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Grasping the intricacy of TAMs reprogramming and tapping into innovative drug delivery strategies could makes a difference in advancing options and ultimately improving outcomes for patients with TNBC.