Analysis of factors influencing blood glucose self-monitoring behavior in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and construction of its prediction model.

The objective of this study was to investigate the factors influencing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) behavior in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to develop a predictive model for clinical intervention. The method of this study was to divide 587 GDM patients admitted to Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May 2020 to June 2023 into training group (n = 410) and test group (n = 177) by using R 4.3.2 in a ratio of 7:3. The training set cases were divided into target group (n = 109) and non-target group (n = 301) according to whether SMBG was met (monitoring fasting or postprandial 2 h blood glucose 2-4 times per week).Key factors affecting SMBG were identified through univariate analysis and logistic regression, including education level, family income, glucometer possession, and dimensions of the Information-Motivation-Behavior (IMB) model. A nomogram prediction model was developed, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.863 and 0.829 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively, demonstrating good predictive performance. The calibration curve confirmed the accuracy of the model. The findings suggest that SMBG behavior in GDM patients is influenced by socioeconomic and psychological factors, and the developed model provides a valuable tool for clinical assessment and intervention.