Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
Vitamin D levels and prolonged menstrual cycle in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study.
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Wang Lijing
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated serum vitamin D (VD) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assessed their association with menstrual cycle characteristics.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 449 women diagnosed with PCOS were stratified based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels: low VD group (<20 ng/mL) and normal VD group (≥20 ng/mL). Menstrual cycles of 26-35 days were defined as normal; cycles exceeding 35 days were classified as prolonged. All participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and sex hormones.
RESULTS: The prevalence of prolonged menstrual cycles was significantly higher in the low VD group (87.2%) compared to the normal VD group (70%) (p < 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated an inverse association between VD levels and the risk of prolonged cycles (p < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, BMI, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone. Each 1 ng/mL increase in VD was associated with an 9% reduction in the risk of prolonged cycles. Fitted curves indicated a non-linear relationship between VD levels and the prevalence of prolonged cycles. Inflection point analysis identified VD = 27.76 ng/mL (approximately 28 ng/mL) as the inflection point. Below this level, the prevalence of prolonged cycles decreased as VD increased; above 28 ng/mL, the prevalence plateaued.
CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study, lower vitamin D levels were associated with a higher prevalence of prolonged menstrual cycles among women with PCOS. This association suggests that further investigation into whether maintaining vitamin D levels at or above 28 ng/mL could influence menstrual cycle regularity in this population is warranted.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 449 women diagnosed with PCOS were stratified based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels: low VD group (<20 ng/mL) and normal VD group (≥20 ng/mL). Menstrual cycles of 26-35 days were defined as normal; cycles exceeding 35 days were classified as prolonged. All participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and sex hormones.
RESULTS: The prevalence of prolonged menstrual cycles was significantly higher in the low VD group (87.2%) compared to the normal VD group (70%) (p < 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated an inverse association between VD levels and the risk of prolonged cycles (p < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, BMI, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone. Each 1 ng/mL increase in VD was associated with an 9% reduction in the risk of prolonged cycles. Fitted curves indicated a non-linear relationship between VD levels and the prevalence of prolonged cycles. Inflection point analysis identified VD = 27.76 ng/mL (approximately 28 ng/mL) as the inflection point. Below this level, the prevalence of prolonged cycles decreased as VD increased; above 28 ng/mL, the prevalence plateaued.
CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study, lower vitamin D levels were associated with a higher prevalence of prolonged menstrual cycles among women with PCOS. This association suggests that further investigation into whether maintaining vitamin D levels at or above 28 ng/mL could influence menstrual cycle regularity in this population is warranted.