[Adiponectin: an anti-carcinogenic adipokine?].

Adipose tissue has long been considered as an « organ » of energy storage. Although many works had previously identified the secretory nature of adipocyte, it was only in 1994, when the leptin gene was cloned, that adipose tissue earned the status of endocrine tissue. It was the first demonstration that an adipose tissue-derived hormone was able to communicate with the central nervous system to control satiety and energy balance. In fact, it is almost at the same time that another major adipokine produced by adipocytes, adiponectin, has been discovered. It took several years to identify the insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of this hormone. More recently, several epidemiological, genetic and experimental findings suggest an anti-carcinogenic role for adiponectin. In this brief review we will present the arguments supporting a protective role of adiponectin in tumor progression, particularly in the context of breast cancer. Adiponectin deficiency commonly observed in obesity may contribute to the natural history of several cancers, as well as the elevation of leptin and other hormonal disturbances associated with excessive adiposity.