Pathology, research and practice · 2025
Expression of TIM-3 in transitional cell carcinoma: A comparative study of tissue and serum levels.
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Siddique Farrukh, Sharif Naveed, Salam Abdul, Saeed Saleha, Qadir Ayesha, Siffat Ayesha
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of TIM-3 in tissue and serum specimens of patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and to assess the correlation between local tissue expression and systemic serum levels.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 74 tissue samples (49 TCC cases, 25 controls) and 42 serum samples (35 TCC, 7 controls) were analyzed based on non-probability convenient sampling. Tissue TIM-3 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), while soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) concentrations in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA.
RESULTS: TIM-3 expression was found to be significantly higher in TCC tissue samples compared to controls (p < 0.001), and was associated with both higher tumor grade (p = 0.040) and stage (p = 0.008). Serum sTIM-3 concentrations were slightly elevated in TCC patients compared to healthy individuals, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.449). Also, no meaningful correlation was found between tissue TIM-3 expression and serum sTIM-3 levels (ρ = -0.119, p = 0.494).
CONCLUSION: Elevated TIM-3 expression in tumor tissue correlates with aggressive features of TCC, supporting its utility as a potential tissue-based biomarker. Serum sTIM-3, however, lacks diagnostic reliability and does not reflect tissue expression.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 74 tissue samples (49 TCC cases, 25 controls) and 42 serum samples (35 TCC, 7 controls) were analyzed based on non-probability convenient sampling. Tissue TIM-3 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), while soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) concentrations in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA.
RESULTS: TIM-3 expression was found to be significantly higher in TCC tissue samples compared to controls (p < 0.001), and was associated with both higher tumor grade (p = 0.040) and stage (p = 0.008). Serum sTIM-3 concentrations were slightly elevated in TCC patients compared to healthy individuals, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.449). Also, no meaningful correlation was found between tissue TIM-3 expression and serum sTIM-3 levels (ρ = -0.119, p = 0.494).
CONCLUSION: Elevated TIM-3 expression in tumor tissue correlates with aggressive features of TCC, supporting its utility as a potential tissue-based biomarker. Serum sTIM-3, however, lacks diagnostic reliability and does not reflect tissue expression.