Revolutionizing Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Integrated MEMS Diagnostic Technology for Precision Point-of-Care Detection and Management.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a major global health challenge, requiring innovative diagnostic solutions to enhance early detection and disease management. This study presents a novel approach integrating Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) technology with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to develop a highly specific and cost-effective biosensor for creatinine detection. Creatinine, a key biomarker for renal function, serves as the target molecule, with MIPs offering exceptional specificity and stability in diverse analytical conditions. Employing advanced techniques such as Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC), the structural and functional properties of the biosensor were meticulously characterized, demonstrating superior performance compared to Non-Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (NIPs). The biosensor's ethical and clinical relevance was ensured by using heat-inactivated human serum samples, aligning with the need for practical and scalable diagnostic tools. The developed MEMS biosensor-based Point-of-Care (PoC) device exhibited remarkable sensitivity, with a detection range from 6 ppm to 15 ppm, surpassing typical physiological creatinine concentrations. This facilitates real-time monitoring of CKD progression, addressing limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, such as high costs, time inefficiency, and inaccessibility. By revolutionizing PoC diagnostics, this work underscores the potential of MIP-based biosensors in advancing kidney healthcare. The findings pave the way for impactful applications in clinical diagnostics, offering an efficient, scalable, and transformative solution to CKD management.Clinical Relevance- The clinical relevance of this work lies in its ability to provide a rapid, cost-effective, and highly specific diagnostic tool for CKD. By integrating MIPs with MEMS technology, the biosensor enables the PoC diagnostic device to allow real-time creatinine monitoring, which is crucial for early-stage detection and disease management. This approach not only addresses the limitations of conventional diagnostics but also empowers healthcare providers with actionable data, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of CKD progression.