Metabolomic and lipidomic approaches to identify biomarkers for bladder cancer and interstitial cystitis (Review).

The discovery, introduction and clinical use of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers has significantly improved outcomes for patients with various illnesses, including bladder cancer (BC) and other bladder‑related diseases, such as benign bladder dysfunction and interstitial cystitis (IC). Several sensitive and noninvasive clinically relevant biomarkers for BC and IC have been identified. Metabolomic‑ and lipidomic‑based biomarkers have notable clinical potential in improving treatment outcomes for patients with cancer; however, there are also some noted limitations. This review article provides a short and concise summary of the literature on metabolomic and lipidomic biomarkers for BC and IC, focusing on the possible clinical utility of profiling metabolic alterations in BC and IC.