Prognosis for total control of complex partial and secondarily generalized tonic clonic seizures. Department of Veterans Affairs Epilepsy Cooperative Studies No. 118 and No. 264 Group.

BACKGROUND

Two prospective observations of adults with symptomatic, localization-related (partial) epilepsy included 1,102 patients in VA multicenter studies (VA-118 and VA-264). Analyses assessed the likelihood of remaining seizure free for 12 and 24 months after initiating adequate antiepileptic drug therapy.

METHODS

Patients were grouped as having only secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC), only complex partial seizures (CPS), or both types (MIXED) at entry. The cumulative proportion of patients remaining seizure free with standard antiepileptic drug therapy was determined by actuarial life table methods.

RESULTS

At 12 months, 70% and 61% of GTC patients (VA-118 and VA-264, respectively) had no further GTC; 53% and 50% of MIXED, predominantly GTC patients had no further GTC, 21% and 28% of CPS patients had no further CPS and 98% and 91% were seizure free for GTC; 32% and 35% of MIXED, predominantly CPS patients had no further CPS, and 62% and 51% of patients with MIXED seizure types remained seizure free for CPS for 12 months after enrollment.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall prognosis for control of seizures of any type for 12 months was best for those who had only GTC at entry (55% and 48%), worst for those who had only CPS at entry (23% and 26%), and intermediate for those with MIXED seizures at entry (32% and 25%) (all p < 0.0001). Prognosis can be based on the predominant seizure type in patients with multiple types.