'Pseudo-calcifications': detection of perfluorocarbon residue on a computed tomography scan 15 years after liquid ventilation therapy at 3 months of age.

Partial liquid ventilation using perfluorocarbons is a therapy that was once frequently used in paediatric populations for patients with severe respiratory distress. Perfluorocarbon is a non-toxic, insoluble and radiopaque vector through which improved gas exchange can occur. Two previous cases have been reported of persistent perfluorocarbon residua, identified on imaging years after receiving liquid ventilation therapy. We report a case of perfluorocarbon detection on a CT scan 15 years after liquid ventilation at 3 months of age, and propose the probable mechanism of its appearance. The importance of considering the imaging appearances of 'pseudo-calcifications' as a long-term sequela to perfluorocarbon liquid ventilation is emphasised.