Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Tema, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundDepression undermines adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is often under-recognized among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Ghana. We examined the prevalence, associated factors, and lived experiences of depressive symptoms among ALHIV in Accra.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with an embedded qualitative component at a tertiary hospital. Depressive symptoms were assessed using PHQ-A (score ≥5). Logistic regression identified associations with sociodemographic and clinical factors. In-depth interviews with adolescents screening positive and key informant interviews with healthcare providers were analyzed thematically.ResultsAmong 215 adolescents (mean age 14.1 years; 52.6% male), 9.3% reported depressive symptoms. ART duration <1-year increased odds of depression (AOR 7.2; 95% CI 1.5-36.0). Participants described challenges with guardian-led disclosure, stigma and treatment burden. Counselling and peer support mitigated distress.ConclusionThe study found a low prevalence of depressive symptoms likely attributable to post-counselling exposure. Strengthening structured HIV disclosure could further reduce depression and improve outcomes among ALHIV.