Decoding the Genetic Hallmarks of Breast Cancer: Molecular Signatures, Prognostic and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Breast cancer is prevalent among millions of women worldwide and is considered one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women. Genetic factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis and treatment options for breast cancer. Multiple genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, ATM, HER2 and PALB2 play crucial roles in breast cancer development. The mechanism of action and their interaction with other genes in response to DNA damage impacts the development of cancer. The mechanism of regulation of each gene is also central when developing drug therapies targeted towards the genetic influences of breast cancer. Current FDA approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials targeted toward the genetic influences of breast cancer include those such as Talazoparib and Margetuximab. Additionally, risk assessment and genetic screening methods are incredibly important to inform patients of their individual risk for breast cancer development. Advancements in understanding of gene specific mechanism and their correlation with breast cancer pathogenesis may provide efficient strategies for precision medicine and enhancing clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients.