The Case of a 40-Year-Old Man With New-Onset Status Epilepticus in the Setting of HIV Infection.

A 40-year-old man from Andhra Pradesh in India, while on regular antiretroviral treatment (ART) for long-standing HIV infection presented with a 1-day history of new-onset status epilepticus. CT and MRI brain showed multifocal cerebral ring lesions, some of which demonstrated characteristic 'hole-with-a-dot' sign. In the context of rapid clinical recovery with anti-seizure medications, the diagnostic approach to the etiology of new-onset status epilepticus in HIV infection is discussed and the etiological diagnosis revealed in step-by-step educational strategy with multiple-choice self-assessment questions and answers.