Lessons in conformational signalling: non-catalytic functions of protein kinase C isozymes.

There is a growing literature describing non-catalytic functions of active protein kinases, reflecting the importance of these properties in the kinase repertoire. Here, we discuss recent work in this area relating to the kinase activity-independent oncogenic action of protein kinase C (PKC) alpha and draw parallels in relation with another PKC family member. We go on to illustrate some of the challenges in unpicking these non-catalytic properties with reference to the wider kinome, illustrating the issue that the wrong loss-of-function mutation may mislead. Finally, we comment on the opportunities these deeper insights bring. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Epidermal growth factor receptor after 40 years'.