Management of the Recurrent Male Urethral Stricture.

Urethral stricture disease negatively impacts quality of life and leads to significant urologic pathology including lower urinary tract symptoms, recurrent urinary tract infections, and potentially more severe sequelae such as detrusor dysfunction, renal failure, urethral carcinoma, and Fournier's gangrene. Open urethral reconstruction is considered a durable and definitive treatment for urethral stricture with lifetime success rates ranging from 75-100%; however, strictures do recur up to 10 years after surgery. Recurrence rates vary by repair type. There also is no agreed-upon modality for recurrence surveillance, but there are many modalities with varying degrees of invasiveness. Recurrent strictures may be managed endoscopically or via open repair. We review stricture recurrence rates, surveillance modalities, risk factors, and management options.