Impact of Plant-Based Diets on Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hypertension frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD) and accelerates its progression. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining blood pressure (BP) outcomes in adults with CKD following plant-based dietary interventions, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies from 2014 to 2024. Of 2,259 studies screened, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of 6 RCTs (533 patients) showed that PBDs reduced systolic BP by 6.97 mm Hg (P < .0001), and analysis of 4 RCTs (317 patients) showed a reduction in diastolic BP by 1.48 mm Hg (P = .041). The systolic reduction correlated with intervention duration (P = .036). Despite significant heterogeneity between studies and limited RCTs with complete data, our findings suggest a meaningful reduction in systolic and diastolic BP associated with plant-based diets (PBDs).