Headaches due to Low and High Intracranial Pressure.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of high-pressure and low-pressure headaches, focusing on their pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. High-pressure headaches, often linked to idiopathic intracranial hypertension, primarily affect young women and can lead to vision loss if untreated. Low-pressure headaches, commonly caused by spontaneous or iatrogenic cerebral spinal fluid leaks, are a significant cause of refractory headaches. The article emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis using advanced imaging and multidisciplinary management, including pharmacologic therapies, procedural interventions, and surgical options. By addressing these challenging headache syndromes, clinicians can achieve better outcomes and improve patients' quality of life.