An experimental study on fluorocarbons as blood substitutes.

A fluorocarbon emulsion (Fluosol DA 20%) was experimented as a blood substitute. Fourty-five rats weighing 320 +/- 30 g. underwent different degrees of hemodilution, by isovolemic exanguino-transfusions. A first group (15 rats) had maximal exchange transfusion (Ht = 0,5%) with Fluosol DA 20% and was followed for 12 hours. A second group (15 rats) (control group) underwent the same procedure, but hydrolyzed gelatin 3% (Emagel) was used instead of Fluosol DA 20%. A third group (15 rats) had partial exchange-transfusion (Ht = 23 +/- 2%) with Fluosol DA 20%, and was followed for 2 months. Cerebral and cardiovascular activity, respiratory exchanges and acid-base balance as well as other basic biological parameters were evaluated in the first and second group. The initial signs of altered cerebral activity were observed with a Ht = 2%, while death occurred at Ht = 0,5% due to respiratory arrest. In the third group, a retention of fluorocarbon particles was demonstrated by gas chromatography in all the organs examined. In this group, lung and spleen lesions were also observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.