[Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy].

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a central nervous system infection caused by reactivation of the JC polyomavirus (JCV). Its diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, detection of JCV in the cerebrospinal fluid, exclusion of other diagnoses, and histopathological examination. In PML patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, antiretroviral therapy is fundamental. In patients with non-HIV PML, various treatments including combination therapy with mefloquine and mirtazapine, as well as new antiviral drugs, have been attempted in recent years.