[Immunodeficiency and Central Nervous System Infections].

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are serious and potentially life-threatening complications in patients with immunodeficiency. Predisposing conditions include organ transplant, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, and treatment with steroids, immunosuppressive agents, anti-complement therapy, or anti-B cell therapy. Neurologists must anticipate opportunistic and severe infection in these settings and closely monitor the clinical course. This review focuses on the clinical information and management of CNS infections in organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, as well as in patients with HIV infection. It also discusses infection management in patients receiving steroids and/or immunosuppressive agents and in those treated with anti-complement or anti-B cell therapy.