Archives of oral biology · 2026
Salivary protein profile of PLHIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy suggests latent reservoir and immune exhaustion.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Macedo Nayara Flores, Baggio Gabriela Leite, de Oliveira Jair Caetano, Buccio Isabella Pietra, Silva Natara Dias Gomes da, Ventura Talita Mendes Oliveira, Carvalho Thiago Saads, Souza Paulo Henrique Couto, Rosa Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro, Lima Antonio Adilson Soares de, Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo, Alanis Luciana Reis Azevedo
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To compare salivary protein profiles in people living with HIV (PLHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for different durations. This cross-sectional study examined how long-term ART affects the salivary proteome in PLHIV.
DESIGN: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 23 adult men: those on ART for more than 7 years (group HIV.UP7, n = 11) and for up to 7 years (group HIV.DOWN7, n = 12). Samples were analyzed by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS, followed by label-free quantification and bioinformatic analysis using the UNIPROT database. Differential protein expression was assessed using Student's t-test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Mean age was 48.36 (±14.94) years in HIV.UP7 and 32.08 (±5.75) in HIV.DOWN7. ART duration averaged 13 (±4.92) and 3 (±1.62) years, respectively. A total of 187 proteins were identified. Compared to HIV.DOWN7, HIV.UP7 showed 34 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated proteins. Up-regulated proteins included Hemoglobin subunit alpha, Histones H2B, Albumin, Actin aortic smooth muscle, Actin alpha cardiac muscle 1, and POTE ankyrin domain family member E. Down-regulated proteins included Leukocyte elastase inhibitor and Immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV3).
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term ART in PLHIV is linked to proteomic alterations that may contribute to sustaining the latent HIV reservoir. Reduced expression of immune-related proteins suggests immune exhaustion, potentially weakening immune responsiveness over time.
DESIGN: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 23 adult men: those on ART for more than 7 years (group HIV.UP7, n = 11) and for up to 7 years (group HIV.DOWN7, n = 12). Samples were analyzed by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS, followed by label-free quantification and bioinformatic analysis using the UNIPROT database. Differential protein expression was assessed using Student's t-test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: Mean age was 48.36 (±14.94) years in HIV.UP7 and 32.08 (±5.75) in HIV.DOWN7. ART duration averaged 13 (±4.92) and 3 (±1.62) years, respectively. A total of 187 proteins were identified. Compared to HIV.DOWN7, HIV.UP7 showed 34 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated proteins. Up-regulated proteins included Hemoglobin subunit alpha, Histones H2B, Albumin, Actin aortic smooth muscle, Actin alpha cardiac muscle 1, and POTE ankyrin domain family member E. Down-regulated proteins included Leukocyte elastase inhibitor and Immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV3).
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term ART in PLHIV is linked to proteomic alterations that may contribute to sustaining the latent HIV reservoir. Reduced expression of immune-related proteins suggests immune exhaustion, potentially weakening immune responsiveness over time.