Evaluation of immunological infertility.

To evaluate the frequency with which immunological factors are associated with infertility, 92 couples with unexplained infertility were studied by using assays to detect anti-sperm antibodies (ASA), human leukocyte antigen tissue types (HLA), lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA), and inhibitors of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and mouse blastocyst assay (MBA). Seventy-three of the women had blood assayed for antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). The frequencies of APA, ASA, LCA, inhibitors of MLC and MBA, as well as HLA associations previously reported to be related to infertility (B locus blanks, single DQ locus in offspring, greater than 1 DR sharing between mates) among 92 infertile couples were compared with those observed among 41 fertile control couples. No significant differences in the frequencies of APA, ASA, MBA, and HLA associations between fertile and infertile couples were observed. Fertile couples demonstrated the presence of wife anti-husband LCA and MLC inhibitors more frequently than did infertile couples (51% vs. 8%, P = 0.0001 and 29% vs. 4%, P = 0.002, respectively). While APA, ASA, HLA tissue typing, LCA, and MLC and MBA have been previously reported as being markers of autoimmune and alloimmune responses relating to reproductive outcome, the current data suggest that more specific markers are necessary to diagnose immunological components of infertility.