Motivating factors among LGBTQ+ individuals for the uptake of a forthcoming HIV vaccine: recommendations for enhancing preparedness.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of the HPV vaccine almost two decades ago has propelled the discourse surrounding the development of vaccines aimed at preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) into the forefront of public health research. Like other STIs, such as HSV, an HIV vaccine has been in development for decades. Despite years of advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment, an approved vaccine is still in the distant future. Stigma and medical mistrust remain significant barriers to healthcare access, particularly for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) individuals, who are target populations of the vaccine. With an HIV vaccine potentially forthcoming, understanding the factors influencing vaccine uptake in the LGBTQ+ community and the general population is critical.

METHODS: We interviewed 29 LGBTQ+ adults in New Jersey and New York. These interviews explored vaccination attitudes, focusing on a hypothetical HIV vaccine. Transcripts were analyzed using narrative theory and thematic analysis to identify key motivators and barriers.

RESULTS: Three primary themes emerged: motivations for HIV vaccination, anticipated stigma and skepticism, and recommendations for improving vaccine uptake. Many participants noted altruism, normalizing of vaccines, and community input as key motivators, while internalized stigma and anticipated discrimination emerged as barriers.

CONCLUSIONS: LGBTQ+ individuals generally support an HIV vaccine, though concerns about stigma, cost, and medical mistrust may hinder uptake. Recommendations include implementing inclusive marketing, utilizing trusted community members, and providing healthcare provider training to address the specific needs of LGBTQ+ individuals. Addressing structural barriers and building trust are essential for equitable vaccine dissemination.