Effect of Folic Acid Intake on Infant and Child Allergic Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the effect of folic acid supplements on infant and child allergic diseases through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Design

PubMed, The Cochrane Library and references of related articles published before January 1, 2020 were searched.

Setting

Meta-analysis was used to explore the influence of folic acid on skin allergies (eczema, and atopic dermatitis) and respiratory allergies (asthma, wheezing, and allergic rhinitis).

Participants

Data were collected from 15 studies with 244,018 individual participants from five different countries for meta-analysis.

Results

Folic acid was confirmed as a risk factor for allergic diseases in infant and child. The risk of allergic diseases dramatically increased when maternal folic acid intake <400 μg/day (RR = 1.050; 95% CI = 1.027-1.073) during pregnancy. Stratified analyses revealed that the association was significant only for respiratory allergy (RR = 1.067; 95% CI = 1.028-1.108) and pregnant women who only used folic acid supplements (RR = 1.070; 95% CI = 1.030-1.112) and that countries without folic acid fortification (RR = 1.046; 95% CI = 1.026-1.067).

Conclusions

This study suggested that folic acid intake can be a risk factor for allergic diseases, especially respiratory tract allergies among infants and young children. Furthermore, pregnant women should pay attention to supplementation of folic acid from both folic acid supplements and fortified foods with folic acid during pregnancy.