Efficacy and safety of albuvirtide intensification for low-level viremia in people with HIV-1: A retrospective pilot study.

BACKGROUND

Low-level HIV-1 viremia (LLV) predicts virologic failure and remains a therapeutic challenge, particularly in cases where drug resistance restricts available oral treatment options. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intensification with the long-acting fusion inhibitor albuvirtide (ABT) in persons with HIV(PWH) experiencing LLV.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, single-arm pilot study involving adults living with HIV-1 with confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA (50-200 copies/mL) despite receiving stable antiretroviral therapy for >24 weeks. ABT was administered as a 12-week induction (320 mg daily for 3 days, then weekly) followed by a 16-week maintenance phase (weekly or every 4 weeks) combined with the background regimen. Primary endpoints were the rates of achieving an undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL) and longitudinal T-cell subset changes.

RESULTS

Of 27 enrolled participants, 77.8% (21/27) achieved viral suppression at Week 12. By Week 28, the rate of undetectable viral load rose to 85.2% (23/27). Linear mixed-effects models showed significant immune reconstitution: CD4⁺T-cell counts increased by 123.52 cells/µL at Week 28 (P< 0.001), And CD8⁺T-cell counts remained stable (P = 0.619). The CD4/CD8 ratio improved significantly (coefficient = 0.16, P < 0.001). No serious adverse events or toxicity-related discontinuations occurred.

CONCLUSION

Albuvirtide intensification represents a safe and well-tolerated strategy with the potential to achieve undetectable viral loads in PWH experiencing LLV. The regimen induced a favorable immune profile characterized by selective CD4⁺T recovery. It supporting ABT as a valuable strategy for managing complex LLV cases.