Hyaluronic acid-based pagoda-shaped hydrogel microneedle loaded with antioxidant nanozyme for machine learning-assisted real-time inflammation monitoring and diabetic wound healing.

Microneedle patches have emerged as promising platforms for diabetic wound repair, yet their clinical performance is often compromised by inadequate adhesion, insufficient oxidative stress regulation, and the lack of dynamic inflammatory monitoring. Here, we report a bilayer pagoda-like hydrogel microneedle patch based on methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), a carbohydrate polymer-derived matrix with intrinsic biocompatibility, moisture-retention capacity, and structural tunability, for integrated diabetic wound treatment and real-time inflammation sensing. The pagoda-like microneedle architecture enables efficient tissue penetration, mechanical interlocking, and stable fixation on dynamic wound surfaces. Meanwhile, gold nanoparticles-decorated ruthenium-doped layered double hydroxide (AR-LDH) incorporated into the microneedle tips provides localized reactive oxygen species scavenging, while octenidine (OCT) loaded in the backing layer suppresses bacterial infection. In parallel, a ROS-responsive fluorescent probe combined with a MobileNetV3-Small-based regression model allows real-time prediction of in situ reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels for inflammatory assessment. This intimate integration of carbohydrate hydrogel matrix, hierarchical microneedle engineering, antioxidant nanozyme, and intelligent fluorescence analysis effectively accelerates diabetic wound closure and tissue regeneration. Collectively, this work establishes a multifunctional carbohydrate polymer-based microneedle platform for precise diabetic wound management.