[Analysis on recent HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men in Yunnan Province, 2018-2024].

Objective

To understand recent HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2024, and provide references for the development of AIDS prevention and control strategies and the evaluation of prevention and control effects in populations at high risk.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was adopted to conduct recent HIV infection surveillance in local MSM from April to June 2008 to 2024, and restriction antigen affinity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAg-Avidity EIA) was used for recent HIV infection detection. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were used to describe the change trends of HIV positive rate and the rate of recent HIV infection, and unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of recent HIV infection. The data were processed by using Excel 2020 and analyzed by using software SPSS 19.0.

Results

From 2018 to 2024, a total of 11 524 HIV tests in MSM were completed, and HIV positive rate was 5.68% (655/11 524). The HIV positive rate decreased from 5.98% in 2018 to 4.38% in 2024 (AAPC=-5.23%, P<0.001). A total of 174 samples for recent HIV infection cases were tested, and 94 cases were identified as recent HIV infection. The recent HIV infection rate was 2.38% (1.85%-2.80%), which decreased from 5.31% in 2018 to 0.71% in 2024 (AAPC=-31.34%,P=0.005). The target group were mainly individuals aged 20 to 29, the unmarried, those living in Yunnan, those with a college degree or above, those in Han ethnic group, those having local residence for at least six months, and those seeking sexual partners through the Internet or social media. The positive correlation factors for recent HIV infection in MSM included poor awareness of AIDS related knowledge (aOR=2.92, 95%CI: 1.18-7.22) and failure to consistently use condoms at anal sex in past six months (aOR=8.19, 95%CI: 5.15-13.01), drug use (aOR=4.74, 95%CI: 1.04-21.48), and no HIV test in last year (aOR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.07-2.99).

Conclusions

From 2018 to 2024, the HIV positive rate and recent HIV infection rate showed downward trends in MSM in Yunnan. It is suggested to strengthen disease warning and health education for young people, and continuously carry out high-risk behavior intervention for MSM and monitoring of recent HIV infections.