Virology journal · 2026
Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 recombinants: analysis of contemporary and historical viral populations in East Africa.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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История · было → стало
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Balinda Sheila N, Kapaata Anne, Kato Frank, Nakyanzi Angella, Natwijuka Fortunate, Ndekezi Christian, Byamukama Drake, Omara Denis, Mugaba Susan, Obuku Andrew E, Salazar-Gonzalez Jesus F, Kaleebu Pontiano
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Understanding the genetic evolution of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder (T/F) virus is crucial for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies due to its rapid mutation and recombination rates.
METHODS: This study compared the genetic diversity of 24 contemporary T/F viruses collected between 2016 and 2021 in Uganda and Kenya with 29 historical T/F sequences sampled between 2006 and 2011.
RESULTS: Subtype analysis based on near-full-length (NFL) HIV-1 T/F genomes revealed that 57.1% (12/21) of contemporary viruses were recombinants, predominantly involving Subtype A1, D, and increasing Subtype C, with 33.3% (7/21) being A1D recombinants (A1 > D) and 19% (4/21) classified as complex recombinants involving three or more subtypes. Historical viruses showed a similar overall proportion (69%) but were mainly A1D mosaics (D > A1) with recombination confined primarily to the envelope region. In contrast, contemporary viruses shifted towards more complex recombinant patterns affecting additional genomic regions, including pol and accessory genes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that contemporary viruses clustered into distinct, well-supported (98% bootstrap) sub-branches, suggesting divergency attributed to an imbalance in their proportions of subtype A1 and D sequences as well as a different content of A1 and D segments in the A1/D mosaic recombinants.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the dynamic and shifting nature of HIV-1 genetic diversity in East Africa, highlighting the need for continuous molecular surveillance and region-specific treatment guidelines.
METHODS: This study compared the genetic diversity of 24 contemporary T/F viruses collected between 2016 and 2021 in Uganda and Kenya with 29 historical T/F sequences sampled between 2006 and 2011.
RESULTS: Subtype analysis based on near-full-length (NFL) HIV-1 T/F genomes revealed that 57.1% (12/21) of contemporary viruses were recombinants, predominantly involving Subtype A1, D, and increasing Subtype C, with 33.3% (7/21) being A1D recombinants (A1 > D) and 19% (4/21) classified as complex recombinants involving three or more subtypes. Historical viruses showed a similar overall proportion (69%) but were mainly A1D mosaics (D > A1) with recombination confined primarily to the envelope region. In contrast, contemporary viruses shifted towards more complex recombinant patterns affecting additional genomic regions, including pol and accessory genes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that contemporary viruses clustered into distinct, well-supported (98% bootstrap) sub-branches, suggesting divergency attributed to an imbalance in their proportions of subtype A1 and D sequences as well as a different content of A1 and D segments in the A1/D mosaic recombinants.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the dynamic and shifting nature of HIV-1 genetic diversity in East Africa, highlighting the need for continuous molecular surveillance and region-specific treatment guidelines.