[Acute renal insufficiency in severe prematurity].

Rhabdomyolysis is well known in adults and can be either traumatic (crush syndrome) or ischemic in origin. Hereditary, metabolic, or toxic causes have also been described. Renal failure is a potential complication of rhabdomyolysis and is associated with a poorer prognosis. Nevertheless, rhabdomyolysis can also occur in newborns following severe asphyxia or muscular lesions acquired during childbirth. Here, we report the case of a very premature and difficult caesarean delivery at 25 weeks and 3 days of gestation. At birth, large hematomas were apparent and urine myoglobin associated with hypercreatinemia were noted. Rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed and we corrected the metabolic disorders arising from altered renal function. However, after 18 months renal failure has persisted and become chronic.