Exploring the neuroprotective effects of bevacizumab in a preclinical animal model of spinal cord trauma.

PURPOSE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a clinical challenge with primary injury and secondary biochemical and cellular damage, which worsens the initial trauma over months. Experimental treatments aim to reduce edema and optimize revascularization to restore blood flow, support nutrition, and remove toxins. VEGF-based therapies promote vascularization and reduce secondary damage, while anti-VEGF agents regulate excessive vascularization, enhancing recovery by controlling edema, improving oxygen and nutrient delivery, and limiting glial scar formation.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Sixty rats were divided into six groups: prophylaxis, low-, medium-, and high-dose bevacizumab, and trauma as a control. SCI model was created via laminectomy and compression. Assessments included Rotarod, thermal plantar tests, and electromyography (EMG).

RESULTS

Bevacizumab treatment improved neurological recovery and sensory function. EMG results showed a significant difference between trauma and high-dose groups. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced post-traumatic edema and a higher number of preserved neurons compared to the trauma group. Comparison with existing methods Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody, has been shown to reduce swelling and promote nerve regeneration, thus supporting treatment for spinal cord injury. Its ability to regulate vascular formation highlights its neuroprotective effects and the risks of excessive vascular proliferation. The role of anti-VEGF balancing vascular remodelling. Research is needed to optimize dosing, assess long-term effects, and explore clinical applications.

CONCLUSIONS

Bevacizumab reduces swelling, promotes nerve growth, and improves motor and sensory function in spinal cord injuries. Its ability to regulate vascularization while supporting tissue repair suggests anti-VEGF therapy as a promising treatment strategy. Further research is necessary to refine dosing, evaluate long-term effects, and explore clinical applicability in human trials.