Bioinspired All-in-One Wound Dressing: Integrating Photothermal-Enhanced Drainage and Strain-Sensing Monitoring for Intelligent Healing.

The effective management of chronically infected wounds faces numerous challenges, with the core difficulty lying in achieving efficient liquid drainage and continuous antibacterial effects. Inspired by the asymmetric wetting property of Pistia stratiotes, this study designed a biomimetic asymmetric bilayer electrospun nanofiber membrane. This membrane consists of an upper hydrophilic polyurethane (modified with a tannic acid/iron (TA/Fe3+) and AgNWs complex) and a lower hydrophobic polyurethane. Driven by the wetting gradient at the interface, the liquid can be directly pumped from the hydrophobic layer into the hydrophilic layer within 10 s. Additionally, the TA/Fe3+ complex in the hydrophilic layer endows the material with excellent photothermal properties, enabling rapid evaporation of exudate and generating photothermal antibacterial effects. Animal experiments demonstrated that this nanofiber membrane achieved a wound healing rate of up to 94.6%. Moreover, owing to the conductive network of deposited AgNWs, this nanofiber membrane exhibits a wide strain range (160%), high sensitivity (gauge factor 7399), fast response (< 400 ms), and capability for continuous monitoring of body surface movement. This study reports an intelligent dressing that integrates one-way drainage, photothermal evaporation, antibacterial properties, wound-healing, and real-time monitoring. The dressing demonstrates significant clinical application potential in the management and repair of chronic wounds.