Anti-neuroinflammatory polyketides from the medicinal herb-derived fungal strain Didymocyrtis brachylaenae Km1530.

A series of chromatographic separation on the liquid-state fermented products of Didymocyrtis brachylaenae Km1530 derived from the littoral medicinal herb Atriplex maximowicziana Makino, resulted in the isolation of compounds 1-13. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis as five previously unreported C13 polyketides, namely brachylactones A-D (1-4) and brachic acid (5), along with eight known compounds 6-13. Among these, brachylactones A (1) and B (2) exhibited nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine BV-2 microglial cells at a concentration of 20 μM without any cytotoxicity.