Fertility Preservation in Female Children and Adolescent Cancer Patients.

The five-year survival rate for childhood cancer now exceeds 80%, leading to an increasing number of young women who may confront infertility in the future due to the gonadotoxic effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Despite current guidelines advocating for fertility preservation counseling and necessary reproductive protection measures for all patients, significant barriers and ethical considerations persist, particularly within the pediatric and adolescent female population. In this review, we provide an overview of the impact and mechanisms of anti-tumor therapies on ovarian function, fertility preservation strategies for pediatric and adolescent patients, and the associated costs and ethical considerations that need to be addressed.