Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells followed by thrombin-activated platelet-rich plasma for endometrial regeneration.

PURPOSE: Endometrium, a dynamic tissue undergoing cyclic changes, plays a pivotal role in reproductive health. Disruptions in its structure and function can lead to infertility and pregnancy complications. Stem cell-based therapies, including very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), have shown promise in tissue regeneration.

METHODS

We investigated the efficacy of bone marrow-derived VSELS combined with thrombin-activated PRP (aPRP) for endometrial regeneration in a murine model of disturbed endometrium (DE). Characterization of bone marrow very small embryonic like stem cells (BM VSELS) revealed pluripotency markers and negative expression for CD34, Tie-2, Thy, CD133, CD90, and delta-like protein (DLK).

RESULTS

Transplantation of BM VSELS-aPRP resulted in their engraftment in the endometrium, with enhanced endometrial thickness, collagen reformation, and improved marker expression compared to controls. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased expression of α-SMA, CK-18, CK-19, E-Cad, Cla-1, CX-40, and ZO-1 in the transplant group. Pregnancy outcomes improved in the BM VSELS-aPRP group, with successful conception and delivery of healthy pups.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the regenerative potential of BM VSELS-aPRP for endometrial repair and suggests a novel therapeutic approach for endometrial disorders and infertility.