Concurrent Diagnosis of Superficial Esophageal Cancer and Esophageal Achalasia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We report a case of a 70-year-old woman with esophageal achalasia and concurrent superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Three adjacent superficial lesions were resected en bloc by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), with no lymphovascular invasion. Given that the patient's dysphagia was effectively controlled with medication and dietary modifications, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was deferred following a careful assessment of the risk-benefit balance. As both ESD and POEM involve submucosal intervention, this case highlights the importance of individualized treatment based on symptom severity and lesion characteristics.