Physical Performance Limitations After Severe Lower Extremity Trauma in Military Service Members.

OBJECTIVES

To characterize the type and magnitude of lower extremity physical performance deficits in military service members who have undergone rehabilitation after limb salvage or transtibial amputation.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional prospective.

SETTING

Level I trauma military medical and rehabilitation center.

PATIENTS/

PARTICIPANTS

Service members with lower extremity trauma resulting in limb salvage (n = 20) or unilateral transtibial amputation (n = 14) compared with uninjured actively training service members (n = 123).

INTERVENTION: Control participants and individuals with amputation were tested during a single session. Participants with limb salvage were tested with and without the use of a custom carbon fiber orthosis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Physical performance as measured using four-square step, sit-to-stand 5 times, and timed stair ascent tests. Secondary outcomes included the associations between these lower extremity activity measures to determine the interrelationship of activity limitations.

RESULTS

The ability of service members to rapidly ascend stairs, a demanding lower limb mobility task, is limited after amputation and limb salvage. However, performance on an agility test similar to the four-square step test approximated normative levels. Differences between individuals with amputation or limb salvage were less than 1 second for all tests and were not statistically significant. Correlations were observed among the physical performance measures in the tested patient populations, particularly between the sit-to-stand and timed stair ascent tests.

CONCLUSIONS

Severe limb trauma significantly affects performance, particularly during tasks requiring lower extremity strength and power. Individuals with amputation or limb salvage who were provided a custom carbon fiber orthosis and intensive rehabilitation had similar performance.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.