Long-term outcome of prostatic stent treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the long-term result of prostatic stent treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODS

We reviewed our experience with prostatic stents in 24 patients with bladder outlet obstruction caused by BPH for whom up to 63 months of follow-up data were available.

RESULTS

Prostatic stents were successfully placed in 24 of 25 patients enrolled in the study. All 9 patients treated for urinary retention voided spontaneously after stent placement. In 14 (93%) of 15 patients with nonretention, voiding symptoms decreased by 50% or more. The stent was removed in 9 patients for persistence of symptoms, symptom recurrence, or stent migration. Nine patients died of unrelated causes during the follow-up period. The stents functioned adequately in these patients until death. In the remaining 6 patients, the stent was still in place at the last follow-up visit (range 12 to 52 months, average 35) after placement, and their Madsen-Iversen symptom scores ranged from 3 to 10. Fourteen patients underwent cystoscopy 1 to 37 months after stent placement. Epithelium did not completely cover the stent in any of these patients; however, no stone formation was noted.

CONCLUSIONS

Prostatic stents can be effective in relieving bladder outlet obstruction caused by BPH. They appear to be most useful in patients at high surgical risk and with a limited life expectancy. However, stent removal, which can be difficult, may be required in more than one-third of patients. We recommend prostatic stent placement primarily in patients who would otherwise be relegated to an indwelling catheter.