3D-printed microneedles loaded with madecassoside for periodontal soft tissue regeneration.

Gingival recession is a common clinical concern. While surgical intervention remains the conventional approach for periodontal soft tissue regeneration, it is often associated with trauma. Recent advancements emphasize minimally invasive and effective alternatives. This study developed a hydrogel microneedle (MN) patch loaded with madecassoside using 3D printing technology to promote periodontal soft tissue regeneration. The PEGDA hydrogel-based MN patch exhibited excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, enabling effective skin penetration. In vitro studies demonstrated that madecassoside at specific concentrations enhanced gingival fibroblast proliferation and type I collagen expression. Animal experiments further confirmed that microneedles containing madecassoside effectively promoted periodontal soft tissue regeneration in rabbits. These findings demonstrate the potential of 3D-printed hydrogel microneedles as a promising approach for periodontal soft tissue regeneration, supporting both tissue repair and collagen synthesis.