BMC public health · 2025
Facilitators and barriers to enhancing cognitive reserve in adults aged ≥ 50 years with HIV-associated mild neurocognitive disorder: a qualitative study.
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Mao Xianjun, Cheng Jing, Tan Dan, Zhong Wenxi, Zhang Xi, Ma Li, Tang Jian, Yu Zhaolan, Chen Yanhua
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) aged ≥ 50 years face health challenges, including HIV-associated mild neurocognitive disorder. Cognitive reserve is a crucial neuroprotective mechanism that may help this population benefit from interventions designed to enhance cognitive function. However, the factors influencing cognitive reserve development in this group remain underexplored.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to enhancing cognitive reserve in individuals aged ≥ 50 with HIV-associated mild neurocognitive disorder, to inform the development of personalized interventions.
METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from Luzhou, Sichuan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 PLWH aged ≥ 50 experiencing mild cognitive issues, including 19 men and seven women, with a mean age of 61.1 years. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo 14 and traditional content analysis.
RESULTS: Qualitative analysis identified two primary themes, comprising 12 sub-themes, related to facilitators and barriers to improving cognitive reserve. Key facilitators included perceived cognitive symptoms, compensatory strategies, individualized needs, valued self-efficacy, and external monitoring. Significant barriers included negative perceptions of health status, limited risk perception, concerns about privacy breaches, knowledge deficits, physical limitations, competing priorities, and financial cost.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights key factors influencing cognitive reserve enhancement in PLWH aged ≥ 50 years, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions to address barriers and leverage facilitators. These findings provide a foundation for targeted programs to improve cognitive function in this population.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to enhancing cognitive reserve in individuals aged ≥ 50 with HIV-associated mild neurocognitive disorder, to inform the development of personalized interventions.
METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from Luzhou, Sichuan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 PLWH aged ≥ 50 experiencing mild cognitive issues, including 19 men and seven women, with a mean age of 61.1 years. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo 14 and traditional content analysis.
RESULTS: Qualitative analysis identified two primary themes, comprising 12 sub-themes, related to facilitators and barriers to improving cognitive reserve. Key facilitators included perceived cognitive symptoms, compensatory strategies, individualized needs, valued self-efficacy, and external monitoring. Significant barriers included negative perceptions of health status, limited risk perception, concerns about privacy breaches, knowledge deficits, physical limitations, competing priorities, and financial cost.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights key factors influencing cognitive reserve enhancement in PLWH aged ≥ 50 years, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions to address barriers and leverage facilitators. These findings provide a foundation for targeted programs to improve cognitive function in this population.