Managing dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive overview of evidence and recommendations.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), making dyslipidemia management a critical component of cardiovascular risk reduction in this population. However, as the estimated glomerular filtration rate declines, distinct pathophysiological mechanisms-unlike those observed in the general population-contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Consequently, dyslipidemia management in patients with CKD requires a tailored approach that considers altered lipid profiles, comorbid conditions, and potential safety concerns associated with pharmacological therapy. This review aimed to summarize key clinical trials evaluating lipid-lowering strategies in CKD and compare current international and regional clinical practice guidelines. We assessed cardiovascular outcomes associated with various lipid-lowering agents, including statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, we discuss optimal therapeutic strategies across distinct patient subgroups, including those not treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation, those on dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients.