Sexually transmitted dermatophytosis - what do we know about epidemiology, transmission, and treatment of this emerging class of STI?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sexually transmitted dermatophytosis represents an emerging and underrecognized clinical entity within the broader context of sexually transmitted infections.

RECENT FINDINGS: Traditionally transmitted through direct or indirect contact, certain dermatophyte species - particularly Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS-genotype VII and Trichophyton indotineae - are increasingly implicated in infections among sexually active populations, especially men who have sex with men. These infections often present with atypical and highly inflammatory lesions, mimic common dermatoses, and pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to frequent misidentification and sometimes antifungal resistance.

SUMMARY: This review synthesizes current data on the epidemiology, clinical features, management strategies, and public health implications of sexually transmitted dermatophytosis. As global reports rise, heightened clinical awareness is imperative for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment.