Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology · 2009
Epigenetics and assisted reproduction.
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Wilkins-Haug Louise
Аннотация
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Epigenetics encompasses multiple mechanisms by which DNA transcription is altered in various tissues and at different times without changing the underlying gene sequence. Epigenetics plays a key role, especially during embryo and trophoblast development. As assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) are used during these periods, a potential window of vulnerability exists during which epigenetic alterations may occur.
RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence for epigenetic alterations following ARTs was established based on an increased incidence of imprinting disorders, a particular epimutation in gametes. Recent work suggests induced ovulation and oocytes with potentially less stable imprints may contribute to a higher rate of the maternal imprint disorders noted. Alternatively, new findings of imprinting abnormalities in oligospermatic men again raise the question as to whether subfertility itself is associated with epimutations.
SUMMARY: Currently, our understanding of epigenetics and assisted reproduction is incomplete. Further searches for ART infants with imprinting diseases are hampered by their rare nature. Perhaps more importantly attention has turned to understanding imprinting and epigenetics in placental function. Further analysis of placental epimutations may provide insight into the higher rates of adverse outcomes such as growth restriction that follow ARTs.
RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence for epigenetic alterations following ARTs was established based on an increased incidence of imprinting disorders, a particular epimutation in gametes. Recent work suggests induced ovulation and oocytes with potentially less stable imprints may contribute to a higher rate of the maternal imprint disorders noted. Alternatively, new findings of imprinting abnormalities in oligospermatic men again raise the question as to whether subfertility itself is associated with epimutations.
SUMMARY: Currently, our understanding of epigenetics and assisted reproduction is incomplete. Further searches for ART infants with imprinting diseases are hampered by their rare nature. Perhaps more importantly attention has turned to understanding imprinting and epigenetics in placental function. Further analysis of placental epimutations may provide insight into the higher rates of adverse outcomes such as growth restriction that follow ARTs.