Urban Lyme borreliosis as an underrecognized emerging transmission setting in Europe, 2020-2025.

Current surveillance frameworks often fail to capture urban transmission of Lyme Borreliosis. The aim of this paper was not to privilege specific study designs, but to map the types of evidence currently informing risk assessment. The predominance of ecological proxies reflects how exposure is operationalized in the existing literature rather than a limitation of the paper itself. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were identified. Marked spatial heterogeneity was demonstrated.