Frontiers in plant science · 2026
Integrated morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the survival strategies of alpine Rhododendron under chronic heat stress.
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Zhou Mei, Li Huimin, Kui Jianrui, Li Fan, Zeng Shuang, Zhang Lu, Peng Lvchun, Xie Weijia, Li Shifeng, Jin Chunlian, Song Jie
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Alpine Rhododendron species possess high ornamental value, but their sensitivity to prolonged high temperatures limits their application in subtropical regions.
METHODS: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying chronic heat tolerance, distinct from classical acute heat-shock responses, this study integrated phenotypic screening, physiological profiling, transcriptomics, and biochemical analysis of the glutathione system.
RESULTS: The heat-tolerant cultivar 'Gommer Waterer' maintained membrane integrity under 30-day chronic heat stress despite accumulating substantially elevated H₂O₂ levels, a dissociation consistent with preferential detoxification of lipid peroxidation products rather than broad-spectrum ROS scavenging. Comparative time-course transcriptomics revealed that the tolerant cultivar mounted a substantially larger and earlier transcriptional response than the heat-sensitive cultivar 'Fenjingling', with sustained enrichment of phenylpropanoid, lipid metabolism, and glutathione pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified a key module significantly correlated with heat resilience traits and enriched in glutathione metabolism. Biochemical assays corroborated these network findings, with the tolerant cultivar showing higher constitutive GPX activity, a stress-induced surge in GST activity, and active glutathione redox cycling, whereas the sensitive cultivar displayed elevated GSH/GSSG ratios accompanied by transcriptional repression of recycling enzymes GR and DHAR, suggesting redox stagnation rather than active defense.
DISCUSSION: Collectively, these findings suggest that glutathione-mediated detoxification of lipid peroxidation products is associated with membrane protection under prolonged thermal stress in this species, with the Theta-class hub gene GSTT1 representing a candidate target for future functional validation and heat-tolerance breeding in woody ornamentals.
METHODS: To elucidate the mechanisms underlying chronic heat tolerance, distinct from classical acute heat-shock responses, this study integrated phenotypic screening, physiological profiling, transcriptomics, and biochemical analysis of the glutathione system.
RESULTS: The heat-tolerant cultivar 'Gommer Waterer' maintained membrane integrity under 30-day chronic heat stress despite accumulating substantially elevated H₂O₂ levels, a dissociation consistent with preferential detoxification of lipid peroxidation products rather than broad-spectrum ROS scavenging. Comparative time-course transcriptomics revealed that the tolerant cultivar mounted a substantially larger and earlier transcriptional response than the heat-sensitive cultivar 'Fenjingling', with sustained enrichment of phenylpropanoid, lipid metabolism, and glutathione pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified a key module significantly correlated with heat resilience traits and enriched in glutathione metabolism. Biochemical assays corroborated these network findings, with the tolerant cultivar showing higher constitutive GPX activity, a stress-induced surge in GST activity, and active glutathione redox cycling, whereas the sensitive cultivar displayed elevated GSH/GSSG ratios accompanied by transcriptional repression of recycling enzymes GR and DHAR, suggesting redox stagnation rather than active defense.
DISCUSSION: Collectively, these findings suggest that glutathione-mediated detoxification of lipid peroxidation products is associated with membrane protection under prolonged thermal stress in this species, with the Theta-class hub gene GSTT1 representing a candidate target for future functional validation and heat-tolerance breeding in woody ornamentals.