[The scientific, health et social significance of the vaginal microbiome].

The vaginal microbiome is an ideal study system given the diversity of bacteria it harbors, its communities that can be structured into large, stable types, the ease of sampling, and the well-characterized environment. The microbiome is also dynamic and varying according to life stage, biological mechanisms such as hormonal cycles or menstruation, and specific exposures (e.g.; antibiotics, sexual practices). The associations between vaginal microbiota and health are strong, including its role in sexually transmitted infections, fertility, and general well-being. This raises questions about prevention and therapies, while avoiding the risk of excessive pathologization.