[Microhematuria: literature review and evidence-based guidelines].

Hematuria is one of the most common diagnoses in urology and is a common cause of referral to urologist from Primary Care consultations. Its importance derives from the potential risk of clinically significant pathology, including malignant pathology, urinary lithiasis or medical diseases. Although the study of gross hematuria is accepted by the various medical societies, the need to investigate microscopic hematuria is a topic of debate. The indiscriminate study of microscopic hematuria carries associated clinical and economic risks and benefits. It is necessary to update the recommendations of the main scientific societies that can help us in decision making in our patients with microhematuria.