Tyramine-modified Ag nanoparticle loaded with carvacrol for antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant treatment of sepsis.

Carvacrol (CA) exhibits excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its clinical application is limited by low bioavailability and targeting capability. To overcome these limitations, tyramine-modified Ag nanoparticle loaded with CA (Ag-CA@Tyr) was prepared. It exhibited a regular spherical shape and demonstrated good drug release characteristics, stability, and biosafety. It significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the growth of bacteria. In animal experiments, Ag-CA@Tyr alleviated liver and lung damage in sepsis rats, while also exhibiting excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities. In conclusion, Ag-CA@Tyr, with its multiple activities of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticoagulant properties, demonstrated potential in the treatment of sepsis, providing a new therapeutic strategy for clinical patients with sepsis.