The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India · 2025
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Young Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Gautam Sandhya, Dhaka Shivang, Mittal Chhaya, Singh Gajraj, Verma Snehlata, Soni Dheeraj
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS) is an important public health problem with almost 39.9 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) all over the world and 1.3 million new cases being detected every year according to a report by the World Health Organization. Due to an increase in the treatment landscape for HIV-positive patients, a revolutionary transformation has occurred in the life expectancy of these people. HIV is a chronic viral infection that can cause suppression of the body's immune response, leading to inflammatory changes and elevation in markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6). These elevated inflammatory markers are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis as well as cardiovascular diseases.
METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional observational study, which was conducted at LLRM Medical College. Sample size calculation was done, and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 patients were included for the study, and all the parameters (clinical, biochemical, radiological) were assessed.
RESULTS: Out of 100 patients, almost half (53%) were in the 18-30 years age-group, and 47% were in the 31-40 years age-group. The male-to-female ratio was almost equal (45:55). The maximum patients in our study were graduates (42%), while only 5% were illiterate. The most common occupation in our study was semiskilled persons (38%). The most common electrocardiogram (ECG) finding was sinus tachycardia (27%), the second most common finding was low-voltage complexes, which were present in 10% of patients; diffuse ST-T changes were the third commonest finding (4%), while 54% of patients did not show any ECG abnormality. On echocardiography of the patients, 70% did not show any abnormality, while 12% had pericardial effusion, 7% had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), 5% had concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), 3% showed pulmonary hypertension, and 3% had grade 1 diastolic dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: Cardiac abnormality was found in 30% of patients, which must be considered a risk factor for HIV patients. The most common cardiac abnormality was pericardial effusion, the cause of which should be investigated further for proper management of the patients. These results emphasize the importance of regular cardiovascular monitoring in HIV-positive patients.
METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional observational study, which was conducted at LLRM Medical College. Sample size calculation was done, and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 patients were included for the study, and all the parameters (clinical, biochemical, radiological) were assessed.
RESULTS: Out of 100 patients, almost half (53%) were in the 18-30 years age-group, and 47% were in the 31-40 years age-group. The male-to-female ratio was almost equal (45:55). The maximum patients in our study were graduates (42%), while only 5% were illiterate. The most common occupation in our study was semiskilled persons (38%). The most common electrocardiogram (ECG) finding was sinus tachycardia (27%), the second most common finding was low-voltage complexes, which were present in 10% of patients; diffuse ST-T changes were the third commonest finding (4%), while 54% of patients did not show any ECG abnormality. On echocardiography of the patients, 70% did not show any abnormality, while 12% had pericardial effusion, 7% had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), 5% had concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), 3% showed pulmonary hypertension, and 3% had grade 1 diastolic dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: Cardiac abnormality was found in 30% of patients, which must be considered a risk factor for HIV patients. The most common cardiac abnormality was pericardial effusion, the cause of which should be investigated further for proper management of the patients. These results emphasize the importance of regular cardiovascular monitoring in HIV-positive patients.